initial commit

app/Services/Hosting/Backups/BackupService.php

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services\Hosting\Backups;
+
+use App\Exceptions\Hosting\ProvisioningException;
+use App\Models\Customer;
+use App\Models\User;
+use App\Models\VmBackup;
+use App\Services\Hosting\Proxmox\ProxmoxClient;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
+
+class BackupService
+{
+    public function __construct(private readonly ProxmoxClient $proxmox) {}
+
+    public function start(Customer $vm, User $user): VmBackup
+    {
+        if (! config('hosting.backups.enabled', false)) {
+            throw new ProvisioningException('Backups sind noch nicht aktiviert (PBS-Rechte fehlen).', step: 'backup');
+        }
+
+        $max = $this->maxBackupsForUser($user);
+        $count = VmBackup::query()
+            ->whereHas('vm', fn ($q) => $q->where('user_id', $user->id))
+            ->whereIn('status', ['running', 'completed'])
+            ->count();
+
+        if ($count >= $max) {
+            throw new ProvisioningException("Maximal {$max} Backups erlaubt.", step: 'backup_limit');
+        }
+
+        $storage = config('hosting.backups.pbs_storage', 'inett-PBS');
+        $upid = $this->proxmox->startBackup((int) $vm->vmid, $storage);
+
+        return VmBackup::query()->create([
+            'customer_id' => $vm->id,
+            'user_id' => $user->id,
+            'storage' => $storage,
+            'volume_id' => $upid,
+            'status' => 'running',
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function maxBackupsForUser(User $user): int
+    {
+        return (int) config('hosting.backups.max_per_customer', 4);
+    }
+
+    public function deleteAllForVm(Customer $vm): void
+    {
+        $backups = VmBackup::query()->where('customer_id', $vm->id)->get();
+
+        foreach ($backups as $backup) {
+            Log::info('Backup record removed', ['id' => $backup->id, 'volume' => $backup->volume_id]);
+            // PBS purge via API when credentials available
+            $backup->delete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function enforceRetentionForUser(User $user): void
+    {
+        $max = $this->maxBackupsForUser($user);
+        $backups = VmBackup::query()
+            ->whereHas('vm', fn ($q) => $q->where('user_id', $user->id))
+            ->where('status', 'completed')
+            ->orderByDesc('completed_at')
+            ->get();
+
+        foreach ($backups->slice($max) as $old) {
+            $old->delete();
+        }
+    }
+}

app/Services/Hosting/DTO/CustomerProvisionData.php

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services\Hosting\DTO;
+
+use App\Models\Customer;
+
+readonly class CustomerProvisionData
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        public string $customer_name,
+        public ?string $domain,
+        public ?int $vmid = null,
+        public ?string $ip = null,
+        public ?string $public_ip = null,
+        public int $cpu = 2,
+        public int $ram = 2048,
+        public int $disk = 32,
+        public bool $behind_traefik = true,
+        public ?int $ip_pool_id = null,
+    ) {}
+
+    public static function fromCustomer(Customer $customer): self
+    {
+        return new self(
+            customer_name: $customer->name,
+            domain: $customer->domain,
+            vmid: $customer->vmid,
+            ip: $customer->ip_address,
+            public_ip: $customer->public_ip,
+            cpu: $customer->cpu,
+            ram: $customer->ram,
+            disk: $customer->disk,
+            behind_traefik: $customer->behind_traefik,
+            ip_pool_id: $customer->ip_pool_id,
+        );
+    }
+
+    public static function fromArray(array $data): self
+    {
+        return new self(
+            customer_name: (string) $data['customer_name'],
+            domain: isset($data['domain']) ? (string) $data['domain'] : null,
+            vmid: isset($data['vmid']) ? (int) $data['vmid'] : null,
+            ip: isset($data['ip']) ? (string) $data['ip'] : null,
+            public_ip: isset($data['public_ip']) ? (string) $data['public_ip'] : null,
+            cpu: (int) ($data['cpu'] ?? config('hosting.defaults.cpu', 2)),
+            ram: (int) ($data['ram'] ?? config('hosting.defaults.ram', 2048)),
+            disk: (int) ($data['disk'] ?? config('hosting.defaults.disk', 32)),
+            behind_traefik: (bool) ($data['behind_traefik'] ?? true),
+            ip_pool_id: isset($data['ip_pool_id']) ? (int) $data['ip_pool_id'] : null,
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function subdomain(): string
+    {
+        if (! $this->domain) {
+            return '';
+        }
+
+        $base = config('hosting.plesk.base_domain');
+        $suffix = '.'.$base;
+
+        if (str_ends_with($this->domain, $suffix)) {
+            return substr($this->domain, 0, -strlen($suffix));
+        }
+
+        return explode('.', $this->domain)[0] ?? $this->customer_name;
+    }
+
+    public function requiresTraefik(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->behind_traefik && $this->domain !== null && $this->domain !== '';
+    }
+}

app/Services/Hosting/Firewall/FirewallService.php

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services\Hosting\Firewall;
+
+use App\Models\Customer;
+use App\Models\VmFirewallRule;
+use App\Services\Hosting\Proxmox\ProxmoxClient;
+
+class FirewallService
+{
+    public function __construct(private readonly ProxmoxClient $proxmox) {}
+
+    public function syncToProxmox(Customer $vm): void
+    {
+        if (! $vm->vmid) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $rules = $vm->firewallRules()->where('is_active', true)->orderBy('sort_order')->get();
+        $payload = $rules->map(fn (VmFirewallRule $r) => [
+            'type' => $r->direction === 'out' ? 'out' : 'in',
+            'action' => $r->action,
+            'proto' => $r->protocol,
+            'dport' => $r->port,
+            'source' => $r->source,
+            'enable' => 1,
+        ])->all();
+
+        if ($payload !== []) {
+            $this->proxmox->setFirewallRules((int) $vm->vmid, $payload);
+        }
+    }
+}

app/Services/Hosting/Health/SystemHealthService.php

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services\Hosting\Health;
+
+use App\Services\Hosting\Proxmox\ProxmoxClient;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Queue;
+
+class SystemHealthService
+{
+    public function __construct(private readonly ProxmoxClient $proxmox) {}
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string, array{status: string, message: string}>
+     */
+    public function checks(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'database' => $this->checkDatabase(),
+            'proxmox' => $this->checkProxmox(),
+            'traefik_config' => $this->checkTraefik(),
+            'queue' => $this->checkQueue(),
+        ];
+    }
+
+    private function checkDatabase(): array
+    {
+        try {
+            DB::connection()->getPdo();
+
+            return ['status' => 'ok', 'message' => 'Datenbank erreichbar'];
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            return ['status' => 'error', 'message' => $e->getMessage()];
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function checkProxmox(): array
+    {
+        try {
+            $this->proxmox->node();
+
+            return ['status' => 'ok', 'message' => 'Proxmox API erreichbar'];
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            return ['status' => 'error', 'message' => $e->getMessage()];
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function checkTraefik(): array
+    {
+        $path = config('hosting.traefik.dynamic_config_path');
+        if (! $path) {
+            return ['status' => 'warning', 'message' => 'Traefik-Pfad nicht konfiguriert'];
+        }
+        if (! is_writable(dirname($path)) && ! file_exists($path)) {
+            return ['status' => 'warning', 'message' => 'Traefik-Verzeichnis nicht beschreibbar'];
+        }
+
+        return ['status' => 'ok', 'message' => is_file($path) ? 'Konfigurationsdatei vorhanden' : 'Wird bei erster Route angelegt'];
+    }
+
+    private function checkQueue(): array
+    {
+        try {
+            $size = DB::table('jobs')->count();
+
+            return ['status' => 'ok', 'message' => "Queue: {$size} ausstehende Jobs"];
+        } catch (\Throwable) {
+            return ['status' => 'warning', 'message' => 'Queue-Tabelle nicht verfügbar (sync driver?)'];
+        }
+    }
+}

app/Services/Hosting/Iso/IsoUploadService.php

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services\Hosting\Iso;
+
+use App\Exceptions\Hosting\ProvisioningException;
+use App\Models\CustomerIsoUpload;
+use App\Models\User;
+use App\Services\Hosting\Proxmox\ProxmoxClient;
+use Illuminate\Http\UploadedFile;
+
+class IsoUploadService
+{
+    public function __construct(private readonly ProxmoxClient $proxmox) {}
+
+    public function upload(User $user, UploadedFile $file): CustomerIsoUpload
+    {
+        if (! config('hosting.iso_upload.enabled', true)) {
+            throw new ProvisioningException('ISO-Upload ist deaktiviert.', step: 'iso_upload');
+        }
+
+        $maxMb = (int) config('hosting.iso_upload.max_size_mb', 10240);
+        if ($file->getSize() > $maxMb * 1024 * 1024) {
+            throw new ProvisioningException("Maximale ISO-Größe: {$maxMb} MB.", step: 'iso_upload');
+        }
+
+        $maxPerCustomer = (int) config('hosting.iso_upload.max_per_customer', 1);
+        $existing = CustomerIsoUpload::query()->where('user_id', $user->id)->where('expires_at', '>', now())->count();
+        if ($existing >= $maxPerCustomer) {
+            throw new ProvisioningException('Nur eine aktive ISO pro Kunde erlaubt.', step: 'iso_upload');
+        }
+
+        $storage = config('hosting.proxmox.iso_storage', 'ISO');
+        $safeName = preg_replace('/[^a-zA-Z0-9._-]/', '_', $file->getClientOriginalName()) ?: 'upload.iso';
+        $path = $file->getRealPath();
+
+        $this->proxmox->uploadIsoToStorage($storage, $safeName, $path);
+
+        $volid = "{$storage}:iso/{$safeName}";
+        $hours = (int) config('hosting.iso_upload.retention_hours', 48);
+
+        return CustomerIsoUpload::query()->create([
+            'user_id' => $user->id,
+            'filename' => $safeName,
+            'volid' => $volid,
+            'size_bytes' => $file->getSize(),
+            'expires_at' => now()->addHours($hours),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function purgeExpired(): int
+    {
+        $storage = config('hosting.proxmox.iso_storage', 'ISO');
+        $count = 0;
+
+        foreach (CustomerIsoUpload::query()->where('expires_at', '<=', now())->get() as $upload) {
+            try {
+                $this->proxmox->deleteStorageFile($storage, $upload->volid);
+            } catch (\Throwable) {
+                //
+            }
+            $upload->delete();
+            $count++;
+        }
+
+        return $count;
+    }
+}

app/Services/Hosting/Metrics/MetricsCollectorService.php

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services\Hosting\Metrics;
+
+use App\Models\Customer;
+use App\Models\VmMetric;
+use App\Services\Hosting\Proxmox\ProxmoxClient;
+
+class MetricsCollectorService
+{
+    public function __construct(private readonly ProxmoxClient $proxmox) {}
+
+    public function collectAll(): int
+    {
+        $count = 0;
+        $vms = Customer::query()->where('status', 'active')->whereNotNull('vmid')->get();
+
+        foreach ($vms as $vm) {
+            try {
+                $raw = $this->proxmox->getVMStatus((int) $vm->vmid);
+                $normalized = $this->proxmox->normalizeLiveStatus($raw);
+
+                VmMetric::query()->create([
+                    'customer_id' => $vm->id,
+                    'cpu' => $normalized['cpu'],
+                    'mem' => $normalized['mem'],
+                    'maxmem' => $normalized['maxmem'],
+                    'disk' => $normalized['disk'],
+                    'maxdisk' => $normalized['maxdisk'],
+                    'recorded_at' => now(),
+                ]);
+
+                VmMetric::query()
+                    ->where('customer_id', $vm->id)
+                    ->where('recorded_at', '<', now()->subDays(7))
+                    ->delete();
+
+                $count++;
+            } catch (\Throwable) {
+                //
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $count;
+    }
+}

app/Services/Hosting/Notifications/HostingNotificationService.php

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services\Hosting\Notifications;
+
+use App\Models\Customer;
+use App\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Http;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail;
+
+class HostingNotificationService
+{
+    public function provisioningCompleted(Customer $vm, User $user): void
+    {
+        $this->send($user, 'VM bereit: '.$vm->name, "Ihre VM {$vm->name} wurde erfolgreich provisioniert.", [
+            'event' => 'provisioning.completed',
+            'customer_id' => $vm->id,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function provisioningFailed(Customer $vm, User $user, string $error): void
+    {
+        $this->send($user, 'Provisioning fehlgeschlagen: '.$vm->name, $error, [
+            'event' => 'provisioning.failed',
+            'customer_id' => $vm->id,
+            'error' => $error,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function vmDown(Customer $vm, User $user): void
+    {
+        $this->send($user, 'VM offline: '.$vm->name, "Ihre VM {$vm->name} ist nicht mehr erreichbar (Proxmox).", [
+            'event' => 'vm.down',
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    private function send(User $user, string $subject, string $body, array $webhookPayload): void
+    {
+        if (config('hosting.plesk.mail_enabled', true)) {
+            try {
+                Mail::raw($body, fn ($m) => $m->to($user->email)->subject($subject));
+            } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+                Log::warning('Mail send failed', ['error' => $e->getMessage()]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $url = config('hosting.notifications.webhook_url');
+        if ($url) {
+            try {
+                Http::timeout(10)->post($url, array_merge($webhookPayload, [
+                    'email' => $user->email,
+                    'subject' => $subject,
+                    'body' => $body,
+                ]));
+            } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+                Log::warning('Webhook failed', ['error' => $e->getMessage()]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

app/Services/Hosting/Plesk/PleskClient.php

@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services\Hosting\Plesk;
+
+use App\Exceptions\Hosting\PleskException;
+use Illuminate\Http\Client\ConnectionException;
+use Illuminate\Http\Client\PendingRequest;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Http;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
+
+class PleskClient
+{
+    private PendingRequest $http;
+
+    public function __construct()
+    {
+        $user = config('hosting.plesk.user');
+        $password = config('hosting.plesk.password');
+
+        if (empty($user) || empty($password)) {
+            throw new PleskException('PLESK_USER and PLESK_PASS must be configured.');
+        }
+
+        $verify = filter_var(config('hosting.plesk.verify_ssl', true), FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN);
+
+        $this->http = Http::baseUrl(rtrim(config('hosting.plesk.url'), '/').'/api/v2')
+            ->withBasicAuth($user, $password)
+            ->acceptJson()
+            ->timeout((int) config('hosting.plesk.timeout', 30))
+            ->when(! $verify, fn (PendingRequest $request) => $request->withoutVerifying());
+    }
+
+    public function createARecord(string $domain, string $subdomain, string $ip): array
+    {
+        $this->validateDomain($domain);
+        $this->validateSubdomain($subdomain);
+        $this->validateIp($ip);
+
+        $baseDomain = config('hosting.plesk.base_domain');
+        $zoneDomain = $this->resolveZoneDomain($domain, $baseDomain);
+        $host = $this->resolveHostLabel($domain, $subdomain, $baseDomain);
+
+        if ($this->findARecord($zoneDomain, $host) !== null) {
+            throw new PleskException(
+                "DNS A record already exists for {$host}.{$zoneDomain}",
+                step: 'plesk_dns_exists',
+            );
+        }
+
+        $targetIp = config('hosting.traefik.public_ip') ?: $ip;
+
+        Log::info('Plesk: creating A record', [
+            'zone' => $zoneDomain,
+            'host' => $host,
+            'ip' => $targetIp,
+        ]);
+
+        $response = $this->http->post("/domains/{$zoneDomain}/dns/records", [
+            'type' => 'A',
+            'host' => $host === '@' ? '' : $host,
+            'value' => $targetIp,
+        ]);
+
+        if ($response->failed()) {
+            throw new PleskException(
+                'Plesk create A record failed: '.$response->body(),
+                step: 'plesk_create',
+                context: ['status' => $response->status()],
+                code: $response->status(),
+            );
+        }
+
+        return $response->json() ?? [];
+    }
+
+    public function deleteARecord(string $domain, string $subdomain): void
+    {
+        $baseDomain = config('hosting.plesk.base_domain');
+        $zoneDomain = $this->resolveZoneDomain($domain, $baseDomain);
+        $host = $this->resolveHostLabel($domain, $subdomain, $baseDomain);
+
+        $record = $this->findARecord($zoneDomain, $host);
+
+        if ($record === null) {
+            Log::warning('Plesk: A record not found for deletion', compact('zoneDomain', 'host'));
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $recordId = $record['id'] ?? null;
+
+        if ($recordId === null) {
+            throw new PleskException('Plesk record id missing.', step: 'plesk_delete');
+        }
+
+        Log::info('Plesk: deleting A record', ['zone' => $zoneDomain, 'id' => $recordId]);
+
+        $response = $this->http->delete("/domains/{$zoneDomain}/dns/records/{$recordId}");
+
+        if ($response->failed() && $response->status() !== 404) {
+            throw new PleskException(
+                'Plesk delete A record failed: '.$response->body(),
+                step: 'plesk_delete',
+                code: $response->status(),
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function listRecords(string $domain): array
+    {
+        $zoneDomain = $this->resolveZoneDomain($domain, config('hosting.plesk.base_domain'));
+
+        try {
+            $response = $this->http->get("/domains/{$zoneDomain}/dns/records");
+
+            if ($response->failed()) {
+                throw new PleskException(
+                    'Plesk list records failed: '.$response->body(),
+                    step: 'plesk_list',
+                    code: $response->status(),
+                );
+            }
+
+            return $response->json() ?? [];
+        } catch (ConnectionException $e) {
+            throw new PleskException(
+                'Plesk connection failed: '.$e->getMessage(),
+                step: 'plesk_connection',
+                previous: $e,
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function dnsExists(string $domain, string $subdomain): bool
+    {
+        $zoneDomain = $this->resolveZoneDomain($domain, config('hosting.plesk.base_domain'));
+        $host = $this->resolveHostLabel($domain, $subdomain, config('hosting.plesk.base_domain'));
+
+        return $this->findARecord($zoneDomain, $host) !== null;
+    }
+
+    private function findARecord(string $zoneDomain, string $host): ?array
+    {
+        $records = $this->listRecords($zoneDomain);
+        $items = $records['records'] ?? (is_array($records) && array_is_list($records) ? $records : []);
+
+        foreach ($items as $record) {
+            if (! is_array($record)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $type = strtoupper((string) ($record['type'] ?? ''));
+            $recordHost = (string) ($record['host'] ?? $record['name'] ?? '');
+
+            if ($type !== 'A') {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $normalizedHost = $recordHost === '' ? '@' : rtrim($recordHost, '.');
+
+            if ($normalizedHost === $host || $normalizedHost === "{$host}.{$zoneDomain}") {
+                return $record;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private function resolveZoneDomain(string $domain, string $baseDomain): string
+    {
+        if (str_ends_with($domain, '.'.$baseDomain) || $domain === $baseDomain) {
+            return $baseDomain;
+        }
+
+        return $domain;
+    }
+
+    private function resolveHostLabel(string $domain, string $subdomain, string $baseDomain): string
+    {
+        if ($subdomain !== '' && $subdomain !== '@') {
+            return $subdomain;
+        }
+
+        if ($domain === $baseDomain) {
+            return '@';
+        }
+
+        if (str_ends_with($domain, '.'.$baseDomain)) {
+            return substr($domain, 0, -(strlen($baseDomain) + 1));
+        }
+
+        return explode('.', $domain)[0] ?? $subdomain;
+    }
+
+    private function validateDomain(string $domain): void
+    {
+        if (! preg_match('/^(?:[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]{0,61}[a-z0-9])?\.)+[a-z]{2,}$/i', $domain)) {
+            throw new PleskException("Invalid domain: {$domain}", step: 'plesk_validation');
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function validateSubdomain(string $subdomain): void
+    {
+        if ($subdomain === '' || $subdomain === '@') {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (! preg_match('/^[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]{0,61}[a-z0-9])?$/i', $subdomain)) {
+            throw new PleskException("Invalid subdomain: {$subdomain}", step: 'plesk_validation');
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function validateIp(string $ip): void
+    {
+        if (! filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP)) {
+            throw new PleskException("Invalid IP: {$ip}", step: 'plesk_validation');
+        }
+    }
+}

app/Services/Hosting/Provisioning/DeprovisionService.php

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services\Hosting\Provisioning;
+
+use App\Models\Customer;
+use App\Models\User;
+use App\Models\VmActivityLog;
+use App\Services\Hosting\Proxmox\ProxmoxClient;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
+
+class DeprovisionService
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private readonly ProvisioningService $provisioning,
+        private readonly ProxmoxClient $proxmox,
+        private readonly VmidReservationService $vmidReservation,
+    ) {}
+
+    /**
+     * Endgültige Löschung (WHMCS Terminate / Kunde nicht verlängert).
+     */
+    public function terminatePermanently(Customer $customer, ?User $actor = null): void
+    {
+        Log::info('Permanent deprovision started', ['customer_id' => $customer->id]);
+
+        $this->deleteBackups($customer);
+
+        $customerId = $customer->id;
+        $vmid = $customer->vmid;
+
+        if ($actor) {
+            VmActivityLog::query()->create([
+                'customer_id' => $customerId,
+                'user_id' => $actor->id,
+                'action' => 'terminate.permanent',
+                'status' => 'success',
+            ]);
+        }
+
+        $this->provisioning->deprovision($customer);
+
+        if ($vmid) {
+            $this->vmidReservation->scheduleRelease((int) $vmid, $customer);
+        }
+
+        $customer->devices()->delete();
+        $customer->delete();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * VM entfernen, Kundeneintrag bleibt (Support-Fall).
+     */
+    public function removeVmOnly(Customer $customer, ?User $actor = null): void
+    {
+        $this->provisioning->deprovision($customer);
+
+        if ($customer->vmid) {
+            $this->vmidReservation->scheduleRelease((int) $customer->vmid, $customer);
+        }
+
+        $customer->update([
+            'status' => 'failed',
+            'provisioning_step' => 'deprovisioned',
+            'vmid' => null,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    private function deleteBackups(Customer $customer): void
+    {
+        if (! $customer->vmid) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (! config('hosting.backups.enabled', false)) {
+            Log::info('Backup deletion skipped (PBS not enabled)', ['vmid' => $customer->vmid]);
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // PBS-Integration folgt in Phase 2, wenn API-Rechte auf inett-PBS vorhanden
+        Log::warning('PBS backup purge pending implementation', [
+            'vmid' => $customer->vmid,
+            'storage' => config('hosting.backups.pbs_storage'),
+        ]);
+    }
+}

app/Services/Hosting/Provisioning/IpAddressAllocator.php

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services\Hosting\Provisioning;
+
+use App\Enums\IpPoolType;
+use App\Exceptions\Hosting\ProvisioningException;
+use App\Models\Customer;
+use App\Models\IpPool;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+
+class IpAddressAllocator
+{
+    public function allocateFromPool(?IpPool $pool = null, ?string $preferred = null): string
+    {
+        $pool ??= $this->defaultPrivatePool();
+
+        return $this->allocate($pool, $preferred);
+    }
+
+    public function allocatePublicIp(?IpPool $pool = null, ?string $preferred = null): string
+    {
+        $pool ??= IpPool::query()
+            ->where('type', IpPoolType::Public)
+            ->where('is_active', true)
+            ->first() ?? $this->bootstrapPublicPool();
+
+        if ($pool->type !== IpPoolType::Public) {
+            throw new ProvisioningException('Selected pool is not a public IP pool.', step: 'ip_allocation');
+        }
+
+        return $this->allocate($pool, $preferred, 'public_ip');
+    }
+
+    public function allocate(IpPool $pool, ?string $preferred = null, string $column = 'ip_address'): string
+    {
+        return DB::transaction(function () use ($pool, $preferred, $column) {
+            IpPool::query()->whereKey($pool->id)->lockForUpdate()->first();
+
+            if ($preferred !== null) {
+                if (! $pool->containsIp($preferred)) {
+                    throw new ProvisioningException(
+                        "IP {$preferred} is outside pool {$pool->name}.",
+                        step: 'ip_allocation',
+                    );
+                }
+
+                if ($this->isIpUsed($preferred, $pool, $column)) {
+                    throw new ProvisioningException(
+                        "IP address {$preferred} is already in use.",
+                        step: 'ip_allocation',
+                    );
+                }
+
+                return $preferred;
+            }
+
+            $start = ip2long($pool->start_ip);
+            $end = ip2long($pool->end_ip);
+
+            if ($start === false || $end === false || $start > $end) {
+                throw new ProvisioningException('Invalid IP pool range.', step: 'ip_allocation');
+            }
+
+            $used = $this->usedIpsInPool($pool, $column);
+
+            for ($long = $start; $long <= $end; $long++) {
+                if (! isset($used[$long])) {
+                    return long2ip($long);
+                }
+            }
+
+            throw new ProvisioningException("No free IPs in pool {$pool->name}.", step: 'ip_allocation');
+        }, 3);
+    }
+
+    private function defaultPrivatePool(): IpPool
+    {
+        $pool = IpPool::query()
+            ->where('type', IpPoolType::Private)
+            ->where('is_active', true)
+            ->orderBy('id')
+            ->first();
+
+        if ($pool) {
+            return $pool;
+        }
+
+        return $this->bootstrapPoolFromConfig(IpPoolType::Private);
+    }
+
+    private function bootstrapPublicPool(): IpPool
+    {
+        return IpPool::query()->firstOrCreate(
+            ['name' => 'Öffentlich 185.45.149.x', 'type' => IpPoolType::Public],
+            [
+                'start_ip' => config('hosting.public_network.ip_pool_start'),
+                'end_ip' => config('hosting.public_network.ip_pool_end'),
+                'gateway' => config('hosting.public_network.gateway'),
+                'cidr' => config('hosting.public_network.cidr'),
+                'is_active' => true,
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    private function bootstrapPoolFromConfig(IpPoolType $type): IpPool
+    {
+        return IpPool::query()->firstOrCreate(
+            ['name' => 'Privat 10.32.0.0/24', 'type' => IpPoolType::Private],
+            [
+                'start_ip' => config('hosting.network.ip_pool_start'),
+                'end_ip' => config('hosting.network.ip_pool_end'),
+                'gateway' => config('hosting.network.gateway'),
+                'cidr' => config('hosting.network.cidr'),
+                'is_active' => true,
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    private function usedIpsInPool(IpPool $pool, string $column): array
+    {
+        $query = Customer::query()
+            ->where('ip_pool_id', $pool->id)
+            ->whereIn('status', ['pending', 'active']);
+
+        if ($column === 'public_ip') {
+            return $query->whereNotNull('public_ip')
+                ->pluck('public_ip')
+                ->merge(
+                    Customer::query()
+                        ->whereIn('status', ['pending', 'active'])
+                        ->whereNotNull('public_ip')
+                        ->pluck('public_ip')
+                )
+                ->unique()
+                ->map(fn (string $ip) => ip2long($ip))
+                ->filter()
+                ->flip()
+                ->all();
+        }
+
+        return $query->whereNotNull('ip_address')
+            ->pluck('ip_address')
+            ->map(fn (string $ip) => ip2long($ip))
+            ->filter()
+            ->flip()
+            ->all();
+    }
+
+    private function isIpUsed(string $ip, IpPool $pool, string $column): bool
+    {
+        $check = Customer::query()
+            ->whereIn('status', ['pending', 'active']);
+
+        if ($column === 'public_ip') {
+            return (clone $check)->where('public_ip', $ip)->exists()
+                || (clone $check)->where('ip_address', $ip)->exists();
+        }
+
+        return (clone $check)->where('ip_address', $ip)->exists()
+            || (clone $check)->where('public_ip', $ip)->exists();
+    }
+}

app/Services/Hosting/Provisioning/ProvisioningRollback.php

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services\Hosting\Provisioning;
+
+use App\Services\Hosting\Plesk\PleskClient;
+use App\Services\Hosting\Proxmox\ProxmoxClient;
+use App\Services\Hosting\Traefik\TraefikGenerator;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
+
+class ProvisioningRollback
+{
+    private array $completed = [];
+
+    public function __construct(
+        private readonly ProxmoxClient $proxmox,
+        private readonly PleskClient $plesk,
+        private readonly TraefikGenerator $traefik,
+    ) {}
+
+    public function mark(string $step, array $context = []): void
+    {
+        $this->completed[] = ['step' => $step, 'context' => $context];
+    }
+
+    public function execute(): void
+    {
+        Log::warning('Provisioning rollback started', ['steps' => count($this->completed)]);
+
+        foreach (array_reverse($this->completed) as $entry) {
+            try {
+                match ($entry['step']) {
+                    'traefik_route' => $this->rollbackTraefik($entry['context']),
+                    'plesk_dns' => $this->rollbackDns($entry['context']),
+                    'proxmox_vm_started', 'proxmox_vm_created' => $this->rollbackVm($entry['context']),
+                    default => null,
+                };
+            } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+                Log::error('Rollback step failed', [
+                    'step' => $entry['step'],
+                    'error' => $e->getMessage(),
+                ]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function rollbackTraefik(array $context): void
+    {
+        if (! empty($context['domain'])) {
+            $this->traefik->removeCustomerRoute($context['domain']);
+            Log::info('Rollback: Traefik route removed', $context);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function rollbackDns(array $context): void
+    {
+        if (! empty($context['domain']) && isset($context['subdomain'])) {
+            $this->plesk->deleteARecord($context['domain'], $context['subdomain']);
+            Log::info('Rollback: Plesk DNS removed', $context);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function rollbackVm(array $context): void
+    {
+        if (! empty($context['vmid'])) {
+            $this->proxmox->deleteVM((int) $context['vmid']);
+            Log::info('Rollback: Proxmox VM deleted', $context);
+        }
+    }
+}

app/Services/Hosting/Provisioning/ProvisioningService.php

@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services\Hosting\Provisioning;
+
+use App\Exceptions\Hosting\ProvisioningException;
+use App\Models\Customer;
+use App\Models\IpPool;
+use App\Models\VmTemplate;
+use App\Services\Hosting\DTO\CustomerProvisionData;
+use App\Services\Hosting\Plesk\PleskClient;
+use App\Services\Hosting\Proxmox\ProxmoxClient;
+use App\Services\Hosting\Traefik\TraefikGenerator;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
+
+class ProvisioningService
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private readonly ProxmoxClient $proxmox,
+        private readonly PleskClient $plesk,
+        private readonly TraefikGenerator $traefik,
+        private readonly IpAddressAllocator $ipAllocator,
+        private readonly VmidReservationService $vmidReservation,
+    ) {}
+
+    public function provision(Customer $customer, CustomerProvisionData $data): Customer
+    {
+        $rollback = new ProvisioningRollback($this->proxmox, $this->plesk, $this->traefik);
+
+        try {
+            return DB::transaction(function () use ($customer, $data, $rollback) {
+                $this->updateStep($customer, 'reserving_vmid', 'pending');
+
+                $vmid = $data->vmid ?? $customer->vmid ?? $this->reserveVmid($customer);
+                $customer->update(['vmid' => $vmid]);
+                $this->vmidReservation->activate($vmid, $customer);
+
+                $pool = $this->resolveIpPool($customer);
+                $gateway = $pool->gateway ?? config('hosting.network.gateway');
+                $cidr = $pool->cidr ?? (int) config('hosting.network.cidr');
+
+                $this->updateStep($customer, 'allocating_ip');
+                $ip = $data->ip ?? $this->ipAllocator->allocateFromPool($pool);
+                $customer->update(['ip_address' => $ip, 'ip_pool_id' => $pool->id]);
+
+                $publicIp = null;
+                if (! $data->behind_traefik) {
+                    $publicIp = $data->public_ip ?? $this->ipAllocator->allocatePublicIp();
+                    $customer->update(['public_ip' => $publicIp]);
+                }
+
+                $ipConfig0 = $this->proxmox->buildIpConfig($ip, $gateway, $cidr);
+                $ipConfig1 = null;
+                if ($publicIp) {
+                    $publicPool = IpPool::query()->where('type', 'public')->where('is_active', true)->first();
+                    $ipConfig1 = $this->proxmox->buildIpConfig(
+                        $publicIp,
+                        $publicPool?->gateway,
+                        $publicPool?->cidr ?? 32,
+                    );
+                }
+
+                $vmName = $this->vmName($data->customer_name, $vmid);
+                $this->updateStep($customer, 'creating_vm');
+                $templateVmid = $this->resolveTemplateVmid($customer);
+                $this->proxmox->createVM(
+                    vmid: $vmid,
+                    name: $vmName,
+                    cpu: $data->cpu,
+                    ramMb: $data->ram,
+                    diskGb: $data->disk,
+                    ipConfig: $ipConfig0,
+                    templateVmid: $templateVmid,
+                );
+                if ($ipConfig1) {
+                    $this->proxmox->setCloudInitIps($vmid, $ipConfig0, $ipConfig1, $vmName);
+                }
+                $rollback->mark('proxmox_vm_created', ['vmid' => $vmid]);
+
+                $customer->load('devices');
+                if ($customer->devices->isNotEmpty()) {
+                    $this->updateStep($customer, 'applying_devices');
+                    $this->proxmox->applyDevices($vmid, $customer->devices);
+                }
+
+                $this->updateStep($customer, 'starting_vm');
+                $this->proxmox->startVM($vmid);
+                $rollback->mark('proxmox_vm_started', ['vmid' => $vmid]);
+
+                if ($customer->attached_iso) {
+                    $this->updateStep($customer, 'mounting_iso');
+                    $this->proxmox->mountIso($vmid, $customer->attached_iso);
+                }
+
+                if ($data->requiresTraefik()) {
+                    $subdomain = $data->subdomain();
+                    $this->updateStep($customer, 'creating_dns');
+                    $this->plesk->createARecord($data->domain, $subdomain, $ip);
+                    $rollback->mark('plesk_dns', [
+                        'domain' => $data->domain,
+                        'subdomain' => $subdomain,
+                    ]);
+
+                    $this->updateStep($customer, 'configuring_traefik');
+                    $this->traefik->addCustomerRoute($data->domain, $ip);
+                    $rollback->mark('traefik_route', ['domain' => $data->domain]);
+
+                    $this->updateStep($customer, 'reloading_traefik');
+                    $this->traefik->reload();
+                }
+
+                try {
+                    $live = $this->proxmox->normalizeLiveStatus($this->proxmox->getVMStatus($vmid));
+                    $customer->update([
+                        'status' => 'active',
+                        'provisioning_step' => 'completed',
+                        'error_message' => null,
+                        'proxmox_status' => $live['status'],
+                        'proxmox_uptime' => $live['uptime'],
+                        'proxmox_status_at' => now(),
+                    ]);
+                } catch (\Throwable) {
+                    $customer->update([
+                        'status' => 'active',
+                        'provisioning_step' => 'completed',
+                        'error_message' => null,
+                    ]);
+                }
+
+                Log::info('Provisioning completed', [
+                    'customer_id' => $customer->id,
+                    'vmid' => $vmid,
+                    'domain' => $data->domain,
+                    'ip' => $ip,
+                    'public_ip' => $publicIp,
+                ]);
+
+                return $customer->fresh();
+            });
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            Log::error('Provisioning failed', [
+                'customer_id' => $customer->id,
+                'step' => $customer->provisioning_step,
+                'error' => $e->getMessage(),
+            ]);
+
+            $rollback->execute();
+
+            $customer->update([
+                'status' => 'failed',
+                'error_message' => $e->getMessage(),
+            ]);
+
+            if ($e instanceof ProvisioningException) {
+                throw $e;
+            }
+
+            throw new ProvisioningException(
+                $e->getMessage(),
+                step: $customer->provisioning_step,
+                previous: $e,
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function deprovision(Customer $customer): void
+    {
+        if ($customer->domain && $customer->behind_traefik) {
+            try {
+                $this->traefik->removeCustomerRoute($customer->domain);
+                $this->traefik->reload();
+            } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+                Log::warning('Deprovision: Traefik cleanup failed', ['error' => $e->getMessage()]);
+            }
+
+            try {
+                $data = CustomerProvisionData::fromCustomer($customer);
+                $this->plesk->deleteARecord($customer->domain, $data->subdomain());
+            } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+                Log::warning('Deprovision: DNS cleanup failed', ['error' => $e->getMessage()]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($customer->vmid) {
+            $this->proxmox->deleteVM((int) $customer->vmid);
+        }
+
+        $customer->update([
+            'status' => 'failed',
+            'provisioning_step' => 'deprovisioned',
+            'error_message' => null,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    private function resolveIpPool(Customer $customer): IpPool
+    {
+        if ($customer->ip_pool_id) {
+            $pool = IpPool::query()->find($customer->ip_pool_id);
+            if ($pool && $pool->is_active) {
+                return $pool;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return IpPool::query()
+            ->where('type', 'private')
+            ->where('is_active', true)
+            ->orderBy('id')
+            ->firstOrFail();
+    }
+
+    private function reserveVmid(Customer $customer): int
+    {
+        if ($customer->vmid) {
+            $vmid = (int) $customer->vmid;
+            if ($this->vmidReservation->isVmidBlocked($vmid)) {
+                return $vmid;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $vmid = $this->vmidReservation->reserveForCustomer($customer);
+
+        if ($this->proxmox->vmExists($vmid)) {
+            throw new ProvisioningException(
+                "VMID {$vmid} already exists in Proxmox.",
+                step: 'reserving_vmid',
+            );
+        }
+
+        return $vmid;
+    }
+
+    private function vmName(string $customerName, int $vmid): string
+    {
+        $slug = preg_replace('/[^a-z0-9-]/', '-', strtolower($customerName)) ?: 'customer';
+
+        return substr("host-{$slug}-{$vmid}", 0, 63);
+    }
+
+    private function resolveTemplateVmid(Customer $customer): ?int
+    {
+        if ($customer->provision_mode === 'empty') {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $fromDb = VmTemplate::query()->where('is_active', true)->orderBy('id')->value('proxmox_template_vmid');
+        $fromEnv = config('hosting.proxmox.template_vmid');
+
+        return $fromDb ? (int) $fromDb : ($fromEnv ? (int) $fromEnv : null);
+    }
+
+    private function updateStep(Customer $customer, string $step, ?string $status = null): void
+    {
+        $payload = ['provisioning_step' => $step];
+
+        if ($status !== null) {
+            $payload['status'] = $status;
+        }
+
+        $customer->update($payload);
+        Log::info('Provisioning step', ['customer_id' => $customer->id, 'step' => $step]);
+    }
+}

app/Services/Hosting/Provisioning/VmidReservationService.php

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services\Hosting\Provisioning;
+
+use App\Exceptions\Hosting\ProvisioningException;
+use App\Models\Customer;
+use App\Models\VmidReservation;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+
+class VmidReservationService
+{
+    public function reserveForCustomer(Customer $customer): int
+    {
+        return DB::transaction(function () use ($customer) {
+            $vmid = $this->findNextAvailableVmid();
+
+            VmidReservation::query()->create([
+                'vmid' => $vmid,
+                'customer_id' => $customer->id,
+                'status' => 'reserved',
+            ]);
+
+            return $vmid;
+        });
+    }
+
+    public function activate(int $vmid, Customer $customer): void
+    {
+        VmidReservation::query()
+            ->where('vmid', $vmid)
+            ->where('customer_id', $customer->id)
+            ->update([
+                'status' => 'active',
+                'release_at' => null,
+            ]);
+    }
+
+    public function scheduleRelease(int $vmid, ?Customer $customer = null): void
+    {
+        $hours = (int) config('hosting.vmid.release_after_hours', 48);
+
+        $query = VmidReservation::query()->where('vmid', $vmid);
+
+        if ($customer) {
+            $query->where('customer_id', $customer->id);
+        }
+
+        $query->update([
+            'status' => 'pending_release',
+            'release_at' => now()->addHours($hours),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function releaseDue(): int
+    {
+        $count = 0;
+
+        $due = VmidReservation::query()
+            ->where('status', 'pending_release')
+            ->where('release_at', '<=', now())
+            ->get();
+
+        foreach ($due as $reservation) {
+            $reservation->update([
+                'status' => 'released',
+                'released_at' => now(),
+            ]);
+            $count++;
+        }
+
+        return $count;
+    }
+
+    public function isVmidBlocked(int $vmid): bool
+    {
+        return VmidReservation::query()
+            ->where('vmid', $vmid)
+            ->whereIn('status', ['reserved', 'active', 'pending_release'])
+            ->exists();
+    }
+
+    private function findNextAvailableVmid(): int
+    {
+        $start = (int) config('hosting.vmid.range_start', 2000);
+        $end = (int) config('hosting.vmid.range_end', 2999);
+
+        $blocked = VmidReservation::query()
+            ->whereIn('status', ['reserved', 'active', 'pending_release'])
+            ->pluck('vmid')
+            ->flip()
+            ->all();
+
+        for ($vmid = $start; $vmid <= $end; $vmid++) {
+            if (! isset($blocked[$vmid])) {
+                return $vmid;
+            }
+        }
+
+        throw new ProvisioningException(
+            "No free VMID in range {$start}-{$end}.",
+            step: 'reserving_vmid',
+        );
+    }
+}

app/Services/Hosting/Proxmox/ProxmoxClient.php

@@ -0,0 +1,591 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services\Hosting\Proxmox;
+
+use App\Exceptions\Hosting\ProxmoxException;
+use Illuminate\Http\Client\ConnectionException;
+use Illuminate\Http\Client\PendingRequest;
+use Illuminate\Http\Client\RequestException;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Http;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
+
+class ProxmoxClient
+{
+    private ?PendingRequest $http = null;
+
+    private function http(): PendingRequest
+    {
+        if ($this->http !== null) {
+            return $this->http;
+        }
+
+        $token = config('hosting.proxmox.token');
+        if (empty($token)) {
+            throw new ProxmoxException('PROXMOX_TOKEN is not configured.');
+        }
+
+        $verify = filter_var(config('hosting.proxmox.verify_ssl'), FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN);
+
+        return $this->http = Http::baseUrl(rtrim(config('hosting.proxmox.url'), '/').'/api2/json')
+            ->withHeaders([
+                'Authorization' => str_starts_with($token, 'PVEAPIToken=') ? $token : 'PVEAPIToken='.$token,
+            ])
+            ->acceptJson()
+            ->timeout((int) config('hosting.proxmox.timeout', 120))
+            ->when(! $verify, fn (PendingRequest $request) => $request->withoutVerifying());
+    }
+
+    public function getNextVmid(): int
+    {
+        $response = $this->request('GET', '/cluster/nextid');
+
+        return (int) $response['data'];
+    }
+
+    public function vmExists(int $vmid): bool
+    {
+        try {
+            $this->getVMStatus($vmid);
+
+            return true;
+        } catch (ProxmoxException $e) {
+            if (str_contains($e->getMessage(), 'does not exist') || $e->getCode() === 404) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            throw $e;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function createVM(
+        int $vmid,
+        string $name,
+        int $cpu,
+        int $ramMb,
+        int $diskGb,
+        string $ipConfig,
+        ?int $templateVmid = null,
+    ): void {
+        if ($this->vmExists($vmid)) {
+            throw new ProxmoxException("VM {$vmid} already exists.", step: 'proxmox_create');
+        }
+
+        $node = config('hosting.proxmox.node');
+        $storage = config('hosting.proxmox.storage');
+        $bridge = config('hosting.proxmox.bridge');
+        $templateVmid ??= config('hosting.proxmox.template_vmid') ? (int) config('hosting.proxmox.template_vmid') : null;
+
+        Log::info('Proxmox: creating VM', compact('vmid', 'name', 'cpu', 'ramMb', 'diskGb'));
+
+        if ($templateVmid) {
+            $this->cloneFromTemplateVmid((int) $templateVmid, $vmid, $name);
+            $this->resizeVmIfNeeded($vmid, $cpu, $ramMb, $diskGb);
+            $this->configureCloudInit($vmid, $ipConfig, $name);
+        } else {
+            $this->createVmFromScratch($vmid, $name, $cpu, $ramMb, $diskGb, $ipConfig, $node, $storage, $bridge);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function setCloudInitIps(int $vmid, string $ipconfig0, ?string $ipconfig1, string $name): void
+    {
+        $this->configureCloudInit($vmid, $ipconfig0, $name, $ipconfig1);
+    }
+
+    public function node(): string
+    {
+        return (string) config('hosting.proxmox.node');
+    }
+
+    public function startVM(int $vmid): void
+    {
+        $this->powerAction($vmid, 'start');
+    }
+
+    public function shutdownVM(int $vmid, int $timeout = 60): void
+    {
+        $this->powerAction($vmid, 'shutdown', ['timeout' => $timeout]);
+    }
+
+    public function stopVM(int $vmid): void
+    {
+        $this->powerAction($vmid, 'stop');
+    }
+
+    public function rebootVM(int $vmid, int $timeout = 60): void
+    {
+        $this->powerAction($vmid, 'reboot', ['timeout' => $timeout]);
+    }
+
+    public function resetVM(int $vmid): void
+    {
+        $this->powerAction($vmid, 'reset');
+    }
+
+    public function powerAction(int $vmid, string $action, array $params = []): void
+    {
+        $node = $this->node();
+        Log::info('Proxmox: power action', ['vmid' => $vmid, 'action' => $action]);
+        $this->request('POST', "/nodes/{$node}/qemu/{$vmid}/status/{$action}", $params);
+    }
+
+    public function getVmConfig(int $vmid): array
+    {
+        $node = $this->node();
+        $response = $this->request('GET', "/nodes/{$node}/qemu/{$vmid}/config");
+
+        return $response['data'] ?? [];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<int, array{volid: string, label: string, size: int}>
+     */
+    public function listIsos(?string $storage = null): array
+    {
+        $storage ??= config('hosting.proxmox.iso_storage', 'local');
+        $node = $this->node();
+
+        $response = $this->request('GET', "/nodes/{$node}/storage/{$storage}/content", [
+            'content' => 'iso',
+        ]);
+
+        $items = $response['data'] ?? [];
+
+        return collect($items)
+            ->filter(fn ($item) => is_array($item) && ($item['content'] ?? '') === 'iso')
+            ->map(fn (array $item) => [
+                'volid' => (string) ($item['volid'] ?? ''),
+                'label' => (string) ($item['volid'] ?? $item['name'] ?? 'unknown'),
+                'size' => (int) ($item['size'] ?? 0),
+            ])
+            ->filter(fn (array $item) => $item['volid'] !== '')
+            ->values()
+            ->all();
+    }
+
+    public function mountIso(int $vmid, string $isoVolid, ?string $device = null): void
+    {
+        $device ??= config('hosting.proxmox.iso_device', 'ide2');
+        $node = $this->node();
+
+        if (! str_contains($isoVolid, ':')) {
+            $storage = config('hosting.proxmox.iso_storage', 'local');
+            $isoVolid = "{$storage}:iso/{$isoVolid}";
+        }
+
+        Log::info('Proxmox: mounting ISO', ['vmid' => $vmid, 'iso' => $isoVolid, 'device' => $device]);
+
+        $this->request('PUT', "/nodes/{$node}/qemu/{$vmid}/config", [
+            $device => "{$isoVolid},media=cdrom",
+            'boot' => "order={$device};scsi0",
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function unmountIso(int $vmid, ?string $device = null): void
+    {
+        $device ??= config('hosting.proxmox.iso_device', 'ide2');
+        $node = $this->node();
+
+        Log::info('Proxmox: unmounting ISO', ['vmid' => $vmid, 'device' => $device]);
+
+        $this->request('PUT', "/nodes/{$node}/qemu/{$vmid}/config", [
+            'delete' => $device,
+            'boot' => 'order=scsi0',
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array{port: string, ticket: string, cert: ?string, node: string, vmid: int}
+     */
+    public function createVncProxy(int $vmid): array
+    {
+        $node = $this->node();
+
+        $response = $this->request('POST', "/nodes/{$node}/qemu/{$vmid}/vncproxy", [
+            'websocket' => 1,
+        ]);
+
+        $data = $response['data'] ?? [];
+
+        return [
+            'port' => (string) ($data['port'] ?? ''),
+            'ticket' => (string) ($data['ticket'] ?? ''),
+            'cert' => isset($data['cert']) ? (string) $data['cert'] : null,
+            'node' => $node,
+            'vmid' => $vmid,
+        ];
+    }
+
+    public function buildVncWebSocketUrl(int $vmid, string $port, string $ticket): string
+    {
+        $base = rtrim(config('hosting.proxmox.console_ws_url') ?: config('hosting.proxmox.url'), '/');
+        $parsed = parse_url($base);
+        $scheme = ($parsed['scheme'] ?? 'https') === 'https' ? 'wss' : 'ws';
+        $host = $parsed['host'] ?? 'localhost';
+        $portNum = $parsed['port'] ?? (($parsed['scheme'] ?? 'https') === 'https' ? 8006 : 80);
+        $node = $this->node();
+
+        return sprintf(
+            '%s://%s:%s/api2/json/nodes/%s/qemu/%d/vncwebsocket?port=%s&vncticket=%s',
+            $scheme,
+            $host,
+            $portNum,
+            $node,
+            $vmid,
+            urlencode($port),
+            urlencode($ticket),
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function normalizeLiveStatus(array $status): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'status' => (string) ($status['status'] ?? 'unknown'),
+            'uptime' => (int) ($status['uptime'] ?? 0),
+            'cpu' => (float) ($status['cpu'] ?? 0),
+            'mem' => (int) ($status['mem'] ?? 0),
+            'maxmem' => (int) ($status['maxmem'] ?? 0),
+            'disk' => (int) ($status['disk'] ?? 0),
+            'maxdisk' => (int) ($status['maxdisk'] ?? 0),
+        ];
+    }
+
+    public function waitForTask(string $upid, int $maxSeconds = 600): void
+    {
+        $node = $this->node();
+        $deadline = time() + $maxSeconds;
+
+        while (time() < $deadline) {
+            $response = $this->request('GET', '/nodes/'.$node.'/tasks/'.rawurlencode($upid).'/status');
+            $status = $response['data']['status'] ?? '';
+            if ($status === 'stopped') {
+                $exit = $response['data']['exitstatus'] ?? 'OK';
+                if ($exit !== 'OK') {
+                    throw new ProxmoxException('Proxmox task failed: '.$exit, step: 'proxmox_task');
+                }
+
+                return;
+            }
+            sleep(2);
+        }
+
+        throw new ProxmoxException('Proxmox task timeout: '.$upid, step: 'proxmox_task');
+    }
+
+    public function createSnapshot(int $vmid, string $name): void
+    {
+        $node = $this->node();
+        $response = $this->request('POST', "/nodes/{$node}/qemu/{$vmid}/snapshot", [
+            'snapname' => $name,
+        ]);
+        if (! empty($response['data'])) {
+            $this->waitForTask($response['data']);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function rollbackSnapshot(int $vmid, string $name): void
+    {
+        $node = $this->node();
+        $response = $this->request('POST', "/nodes/{$node}/qemu/{$vmid}/snapshot/{$name}/rollback");
+        if (! empty($response['data'])) {
+            $this->waitForTask($response['data']);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function deleteSnapshot(int $vmid, string $name): void
+    {
+        $node = $this->node();
+        $this->request('DELETE', "/nodes/{$node}/qemu/{$vmid}/snapshot/{$name}");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<int, array{name: string, description: string}>
+     */
+    public function listSnapshots(int $vmid): array
+    {
+        $node = $this->node();
+        $response = $this->request('GET', "/nodes/{$node}/qemu/{$vmid}/snapshot");
+
+        return collect($response['data'] ?? [])
+            ->filter(fn ($item) => is_array($item))
+            ->map(fn (array $item) => [
+                'name' => (string) ($item['name'] ?? ''),
+                'description' => (string) ($item['description'] ?? ''),
+            ])
+            ->filter(fn ($item) => $item['name'] !== '')
+            ->values()
+            ->all();
+    }
+
+    public function startBackup(int $vmid, string $storage): string
+    {
+        $node = $this->node();
+        $response = $this->request('POST', "/nodes/{$node}/vzdump", [
+            'vmid' => $vmid,
+            'storage' => $storage,
+            'mode' => 'snapshot',
+            'compress' => 'zstd',
+        ]);
+
+        return (string) ($response['data'] ?? '');
+    }
+
+    public function getFirewallRules(int $vmid): array
+    {
+        $node = $this->node();
+        $response = $this->request('GET', "/nodes/{$node}/qemu/{$vmid}/firewall/rules");
+
+        return $response['data'] ?? [];
+    }
+
+    public function setFirewallRules(int $vmid, array $rules): void
+    {
+        $node = $this->node();
+        // Replace all rules: delete existing then add - simplified: enable firewall + pos rules via PUT pos
+        $this->request('PUT', "/nodes/{$node}/qemu/{$vmid}/firewall/options", ['enable' => 1]);
+        foreach ($rules as $pos => $rule) {
+            $this->request('POST', "/nodes/{$node}/qemu/{$vmid}/firewall/rules", array_merge($rule, ['pos' => $pos]));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function uploadIsoToStorage(string $storage, string $filename, string $localPath): void
+    {
+        $node = $this->node();
+        $client = $this->http();
+        $response = $client->attach(
+            'content',
+            file_get_contents($localPath),
+            $filename
+        )->post("/nodes/{$node}/storage/{$storage}/upload", [
+            'content' => 'iso',
+            'filename' => $filename,
+        ]);
+
+        if ($response->failed()) {
+            throw new ProxmoxException('ISO upload failed: '.$response->body(), step: 'proxmox_upload');
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function deleteStorageFile(string $storage, string $volid): void
+    {
+        $node = $this->node();
+        $this->request('DELETE', "/nodes/{$node}/storage/{$storage}/content/".urlencode($volid));
+    }
+
+    public function cloneFromTemplateVmid(int $templateVmid, int $newVmid, string $name): void
+    {
+        $node = $this->node();
+        $response = $this->request('POST', "/nodes/{$node}/qemu/{$templateVmid}/clone", [
+            'newid' => $newVmid,
+            'name' => $name,
+            'full' => 1,
+            'target' => $node,
+        ]);
+        if (! empty($response['data'])) {
+            $this->waitForTask($response['data']);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function deleteVM(int $vmid): void
+    {
+        if (! $this->vmExists($vmid)) {
+            Log::warning('Proxmox: VM already absent, skipping delete', ['vmid' => $vmid]);
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $status = $this->getVMStatus($vmid);
+            if (($status['status'] ?? '') === 'running') {
+                $this->stopVM($vmid);
+                $this->waitUntilStopped($vmid);
+            }
+        } catch (ProxmoxException) {
+            // continue with delete attempt
+        }
+
+        $node = config('hosting.proxmox.node');
+        Log::info('Proxmox: deleting VM', ['vmid' => $vmid]);
+        $this->request('DELETE', "/nodes/{$node}/qemu/{$vmid}");
+    }
+
+    public function getVMStatus(int $vmid): array
+    {
+        $node = config('hosting.proxmox.node');
+        $response = $this->request('GET', "/nodes/{$node}/qemu/{$vmid}/status/current");
+
+        return $response['data'] ?? [];
+    }
+
+    public function buildIpConfig(string $ip, ?string $gateway = null, ?int $cidr = null): string
+    {
+        $cidr ??= (int) config('hosting.network.cidr');
+        $gateway ??= config('hosting.network.gateway');
+
+        return "ip={$ip}/{$cidr},gw={$gateway}";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  iterable<int, \App\Models\VmDevice>  $devices
+     */
+    public function applyDevices(int $vmid, iterable $devices): void
+    {
+        $node = config('hosting.proxmox.node');
+        $storage = config('hosting.proxmox.storage');
+        $params = [];
+
+        foreach ($devices as $device) {
+            $config = $device->config ?? [];
+            $slot = $device->slot;
+
+            match ($device->type) {
+                \App\Models\VmDevice::TYPE_DISK => $params[$slot ?? 'scsi1'] = sprintf(
+                    '%s:%d',
+                    $config['storage'] ?? $storage,
+                    (int) ($config['size_gb'] ?? 10),
+                ),
+                \App\Models\VmDevice::TYPE_NETWORK => $params[$slot ?? 'net1'] = sprintf(
+                    '%s,bridge=%s',
+                    $config['model'] ?? 'virtio',
+                    $config['bridge'] ?? config('hosting.proxmox.bridge'),
+                ),
+                \App\Models\VmDevice::TYPE_USB => $params[$slot ?? 'usb0'] = $config['host_id'] ?? 'host=0',
+                \App\Models\VmDevice::TYPE_PCI => $params[$slot ?? 'hostpci0'] = $config['address'] ?? '',
+                default => null,
+            };
+        }
+
+        $params = array_filter($params, fn ($v) => $v !== '' && $v !== null);
+
+        if ($params === []) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Log::info('Proxmox: applying VM devices', ['vmid' => $vmid, 'devices' => array_keys($params)]);
+        $this->request('PUT', "/nodes/{$node}/qemu/{$vmid}/config", $params);
+    }
+
+    public function updateVmResources(int $vmid, int $cpu, int $ramMb, int $diskGb): void
+    {
+        $this->resizeVmIfNeeded($vmid, $cpu, $ramMb, $diskGb);
+    }
+
+    private function resizeVmIfNeeded(int $vmid, int $cpu, int $ramMb, int $diskGb): void
+    {
+        $node = config('hosting.proxmox.node');
+
+        $this->request('PUT', "/nodes/{$node}/qemu/{$vmid}/config", [
+            'cores' => $cpu,
+            'memory' => $ramMb,
+        ]);
+
+        // Disk resize depends on storage layout; best-effort grow on scsi0
+        try {
+            $this->request('PUT', "/nodes/{$node}/qemu/{$vmid}/resize", [
+                'disk' => 'scsi0',
+                'size' => $diskGb.'G',
+            ]);
+        } catch (ProxmoxException $e) {
+            Log::warning('Proxmox: disk resize skipped', ['vmid' => $vmid, 'error' => $e->getMessage()]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function configureCloudInit(int $vmid, string $ipConfig, string $name, ?string $ipConfig1 = null): void
+    {
+        $node = config('hosting.proxmox.node');
+        $bridge = config('hosting.proxmox.bridge');
+
+        $params = [
+            'name' => $name,
+            'ipconfig0' => $ipConfig,
+            'net0' => "virtio,bridge={$bridge}",
+        ];
+
+        if ($ipConfig1) {
+            $publicBridge = config('hosting.proxmox.public_bridge', 'vmbr1');
+            $params['ipconfig1'] = $ipConfig1;
+            $params['net1'] = "virtio,bridge={$publicBridge}";
+        }
+
+        $this->request('PUT', "/nodes/{$node}/qemu/{$vmid}/config", $params);
+    }
+
+    private function createVmFromScratch(
+        int $vmid,
+        string $name,
+        int $cpu,
+        int $ramMb,
+        int $diskGb,
+        string $ipConfig,
+        string $node,
+        string $storage,
+        string $bridge,
+    ): void {
+        $this->request('POST', "/nodes/{$node}/qemu", [
+            'vmid' => $vmid,
+            'name' => $name,
+            'cores' => $cpu,
+            'memory' => $ramMb,
+            'ostype' => 'l26',
+            'scsihw' => 'virtio-scsi-pci',
+            'scsi0' => "{$storage}:{$diskGb}",
+            'ide2' => "{$storage}:cloudinit",
+            'boot' => 'order=scsi0',
+            'net0' => "virtio,bridge={$bridge}",
+            'ipconfig0' => $ipConfig,
+            'agent' => 1,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    private function waitUntilStopped(int $vmid, int $maxSeconds = 60): void
+    {
+        $deadline = time() + $maxSeconds;
+
+        while (time() < $deadline) {
+            $status = $this->getVMStatus($vmid);
+            if (($status['status'] ?? '') !== 'running') {
+                return;
+            }
+            sleep(2);
+        }
+
+        throw new ProxmoxException("Timeout waiting for VM {$vmid} to stop.", step: 'proxmox_stop');
+    }
+
+    private function request(string $method, string $uri, array $data = []): array
+    {
+        try {
+            $client = $this->http();
+            $response = match (strtoupper($method)) {
+                'GET' => $client->get($uri, $data),
+                'POST' => $client->asForm()->post($uri, $data),
+                'PUT' => $client->asForm()->put($uri, $data),
+                'DELETE' => $client->delete($uri, $data),
+                default => throw new ProxmoxException("Unsupported HTTP method: {$method}"),
+            };
+
+            if ($response->failed()) {
+                $message = $response->json('errors') ?? $response->json('message') ?? $response->body();
+                throw new ProxmoxException(
+                    'Proxmox API error: '.(is_string($message) ? $message : json_encode($message)),
+                    step: 'proxmox_api',
+                    context: ['uri' => $uri, 'status' => $response->status()],
+                    code: $response->status(),
+                );
+            }
+
+            return $response->json() ?? [];
+        } catch (ConnectionException $e) {
+            throw new ProxmoxException(
+                'Proxmox connection timeout or unreachable: '.$e->getMessage(),
+                step: 'proxmox_connection',
+                previous: $e,
+            );
+        } catch (RequestException $e) {
+            throw new ProxmoxException(
+                'Proxmox HTTP error: '.$e->getMessage(),
+                step: 'proxmox_http',
+                previous: $e,
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}

app/Services/Hosting/Proxmox/VmManagementService.php

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services\Hosting\Proxmox;
+
+use App\Enums\VmPowerAction;
+use App\Exceptions\Hosting\ProxmoxException;
+use App\Exceptions\Hosting\ProvisioningException;
+use App\Models\Customer;
+use App\Models\User;
+use App\Models\VmActivityLog;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+
+class VmManagementService
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private readonly ProxmoxClient $proxmox,
+    ) {}
+
+    public function assertManageable(Customer $vm): void
+    {
+        if (! $vm->vmid) {
+            throw new ProvisioningException('VM ist noch nicht in Proxmox provisioniert.', step: 'vm_not_ready');
+        }
+
+        if ($vm->status !== 'active') {
+            throw new ProvisioningException('VM ist nicht aktiv (Status: '.$vm->status.').', step: 'vm_not_active');
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function refreshLiveStatus(Customer $vm): array
+    {
+        $this->assertManageable($vm);
+
+        $raw = $this->proxmox->getVMStatus((int) $vm->vmid);
+        $normalized = $this->proxmox->normalizeLiveStatus($raw);
+
+        $vm->update([
+            'proxmox_status' => $normalized['status'],
+            'proxmox_uptime' => $normalized['uptime'],
+            'proxmox_status_at' => now(),
+        ]);
+
+        return $normalized;
+    }
+
+    public function power(Customer $vm, VmPowerAction $action, User $user): void
+    {
+        $this->assertManageable($vm);
+
+        $live = $this->refreshLiveStatus($vm);
+        $isRunning = ($live['status'] ?? '') === 'running';
+
+        if ($action->requiresRunning() && ! $isRunning) {
+            throw new ProxmoxException('VM läuft nicht – Aktion nicht möglich.', step: 'power_state');
+        }
+
+        if ($action->requiresStopped() && $isRunning) {
+            throw new ProxmoxException('VM läuft bereits.', step: 'power_state');
+        }
+
+        try {
+            match ($action) {
+                VmPowerAction::Start => $this->proxmox->startVM((int) $vm->vmid),
+                VmPowerAction::Shutdown => $this->proxmox->shutdownVM((int) $vm->vmid),
+                VmPowerAction::Stop => $this->proxmox->stopVM((int) $vm->vmid),
+                VmPowerAction::Reboot => $this->proxmox->rebootVM((int) $vm->vmid),
+                VmPowerAction::Reset => $this->proxmox->resetVM((int) $vm->vmid),
+            };
+
+            $this->log($vm, $user, 'power.'.$action->value, 'success');
+            $this->refreshLiveStatus($vm);
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            $this->log($vm, $user, 'power.'.$action->value, 'failed', $e->getMessage());
+            throw $e;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function mountIso(Customer $vm, string $isoVolid, User $user): void
+    {
+        $this->assertManageable($vm);
+
+        $available = collect($this->proxmox->listIsos())->pluck('volid');
+        if (! $available->contains($isoVolid)) {
+            throw new ProxmoxException('ISO nicht im Storage gefunden.', step: 'iso_invalid');
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $this->proxmox->mountIso((int) $vm->vmid, $isoVolid);
+            $vm->update(['attached_iso' => $isoVolid]);
+            $this->log($vm, $user, 'iso.mount', 'success', null, ['iso' => $isoVolid]);
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            $this->log($vm, $user, 'iso.mount', 'failed', $e->getMessage());
+            throw $e;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function unmountIso(Customer $vm, User $user): void
+    {
+        $this->assertManageable($vm);
+
+        try {
+            $this->proxmox->unmountIso((int) $vm->vmid);
+            $vm->update(['attached_iso' => null]);
+            $this->log($vm, $user, 'iso.unmount', 'success');
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            $this->log($vm, $user, 'iso.unmount', 'failed', $e->getMessage());
+            throw $e;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array{token: string, ws_url: string, vmid: int, node: string, expires_at: int}
+     */
+    public function createConsoleSession(Customer $vm, User $user): array
+    {
+        $this->assertManageable($vm);
+
+        $live = $this->refreshLiveStatus($vm);
+        if (($live['status'] ?? '') !== 'running') {
+            throw new ProxmoxException('Konsole nur bei laufender VM verfügbar. Bitte VM starten.', step: 'console_not_running');
+        }
+
+        $proxy = $this->proxmox->createVncProxy((int) $vm->vmid);
+
+        if ($proxy['port'] === '' || $proxy['ticket'] === '') {
+            throw new ProxmoxException('VNC-Proxy konnte nicht erstellt werden.', step: 'console_proxy');
+        }
+
+        $token = Str::random(64);
+        $proxmoxWsUrl = $this->proxmox->buildVncWebSocketUrl((int) $vm->vmid, $proxy['port'], $proxy['ticket']);
+        $expiresAt = now()->addMinutes(5)->timestamp;
+
+        $wsUrl = $proxmoxWsUrl;
+        if (config('hosting.console.proxy_enabled') && config('hosting.console.proxy_ws_url')) {
+            $wsUrl = rtrim(config('hosting.console.proxy_ws_url'), '/').'/'.$token;
+        }
+
+        Cache::put($this->consoleCacheKey($token), [
+            'customer_id' => $vm->id,
+            'user_id' => $user->id,
+            'ws_url' => $proxmoxWsUrl,
+            'ticket' => $proxy['ticket'],
+            'port' => $proxy['port'],
+            'vmid' => $vm->vmid,
+            'node' => $proxy['node'],
+            'cert' => $proxy['cert'],
+        ], 300);
+
+        $this->log($vm, $user, 'console.open', 'success');
+
+        return [
+            'token' => $token,
+            'ws_url' => $wsUrl,
+            'vmid' => (int) $vm->vmid,
+            'node' => $proxy['node'],
+            'expires_at' => $expiresAt,
+        ];
+    }
+
+    public function getConsoleSession(string $token, User $user): array
+    {
+        $data = Cache::get($this->consoleCacheKey($token));
+
+        if (! $data) {
+            throw new ProxmoxException('Konsole-Session abgelaufen oder ungültig.', step: 'console_expired');
+        }
+
+        if ($data['user_id'] !== $user->id && ! $user->isAdmin()) {
+            throw new ProxmoxException('Kein Zugriff auf diese Konsole.', step: 'console_forbidden');
+        }
+
+        return $data;
+    }
+
+    public function consoleCacheKey(string $token): string
+    {
+        return 'vm_console:'.$token;
+    }
+
+    private function log(Customer $vm, User $user, string $action, string $status, ?string $message = null, array $meta = []): void
+    {
+        VmActivityLog::query()->create([
+            'customer_id' => $vm->id,
+            'user_id' => $user->id,
+            'action' => $action,
+            'status' => $status,
+            'message' => $message,
+            'meta' => $meta ?: null,
+        ]);
+    }
+}

app/Services/Hosting/Reinstall/ReinstallService.php

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services\Hosting\Reinstall;
+
+use App\Jobs\ProvisionCustomerJob;
+use App\Models\Customer;
+use App\Models\User;
+use App\Services\Hosting\Proxmox\ProxmoxClient;
+use App\Services\Hosting\Snapshots\SnapshotService;
+
+class ReinstallService
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private readonly ProxmoxClient $proxmox,
+        private readonly SnapshotService $snapshots,
+    ) {}
+
+    public function reinstall(Customer $vm, User $user): void
+    {
+        if (! $vm->vmid) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('VM ist nicht provisioniert.');
+        }
+
+        $this->snapshots->autoBeforeDestructive($vm, $user, 'reinstall');
+
+        $vmid = (int) $vm->vmid;
+        $this->proxmox->stopVM($vmid);
+        $this->proxmox->deleteVM($vmid);
+
+        $vm->update([
+            'status' => 'pending',
+            'provisioning_step' => 'queued',
+            'proxmox_status' => null,
+            'proxmox_uptime' => null,
+            'error_message' => null,
+        ]);
+
+        ProvisionCustomerJob::dispatch($vm->id);
+    }
+}

app/Services/Hosting/Snapshots/SnapshotService.php

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services\Hosting\Snapshots;
+
+use App\Models\Customer;
+use App\Models\User;
+use App\Models\VmSnapshot;
+use App\Services\Hosting\Proxmox\ProxmoxClient;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+
+class SnapshotService
+{
+    public function __construct(private readonly ProxmoxClient $proxmox) {}
+
+    public function create(Customer $vm, User $user, bool $auto = false, ?string $label = null): VmSnapshot
+    {
+        $name = 'snap-'.now()->format('Ymd-His').'-'.Str::lower(Str::random(4));
+        $this->proxmox->createSnapshot((int) $vm->vmid, $name);
+
+        $hours = (int) (config('hosting.snapshots.retention_hours') ?? 48);
+
+        return VmSnapshot::query()->create([
+            'customer_id' => $vm->id,
+            'name' => $label ?? $name,
+            'proxmox_snapshot_id' => $name,
+            'auto_created' => $auto,
+            'expires_at' => now()->addHours($hours),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function autoBeforeDestructive(Customer $vm, User $user, string $reason): void
+    {
+        if (! config('hosting.snapshots.auto_before_destructive', true)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->create($vm, $user, true, "auto-{$reason}");
+    }
+
+    public function rollback(Customer $vm, VmSnapshot $snapshot): void
+    {
+        $this->proxmox->rollbackSnapshot((int) $vm->vmid, $snapshot->proxmox_snapshot_id);
+    }
+
+    public function delete(Customer $vm, VmSnapshot $snapshot): void
+    {
+        $this->proxmox->deleteSnapshot((int) $vm->vmid, $snapshot->proxmox_snapshot_id);
+        $snapshot->delete();
+    }
+
+    public function pruneExpired(): int
+    {
+        $count = 0;
+        $expired = VmSnapshot::query()->where('expires_at', '<=', now())->with('vm')->get();
+
+        foreach ($expired as $snapshot) {
+            if ($snapshot->vm?->vmid) {
+                try {
+                    $this->proxmox->deleteSnapshot((int) $snapshot->vm->vmid, $snapshot->proxmox_snapshot_id);
+                } catch (\Throwable) {
+                    // snapshot may already be gone in Proxmox
+                }
+            }
+            $snapshot->delete();
+            $count++;
+        }
+
+        return $count;
+    }
+}

app/Services/Hosting/Traefik/TraefikGenerator.php

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services\Hosting\Traefik;
+
+use App\Exceptions\Hosting\TraefikException;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\File;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Process;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+use Symfony\Component\Yaml\Yaml;
+use Symfony\Component\Yaml\Exception\ParseException;
+
+class TraefikGenerator
+{
+    private const MANAGED_PREFIX = 'customer-';
+
+    public function configPath(): string
+    {
+        return config('hosting.traefik.dynamic_config_path');
+    }
+
+    public function addCustomerRoute(string $domain, string $ip): void
+    {
+        $domain = $this->sanitizeDomain($domain);
+        $ip = $this->sanitizeIp($ip);
+
+        $config = $this->loadConfig();
+        $routerKey = $this->routerKey($domain);
+        $serviceKey = $this->serviceKey($domain);
+        $port = (int) config('hosting.traefik.backend_port', 80);
+        $entrypoint = config('hosting.traefik.entrypoint', 'websecure');
+        $certResolver = config('hosting.traefik.cert_resolver', 'letsencrypt');
+
+        $config['http'] ??= [];
+        $config['http']['routers'] ??= [];
+        $config['http']['services'] ??= [];
+
+        $config['http']['routers'][$routerKey] = [
+            'rule' => 'Host(`'.$this->escapeHostRule($domain).'`)',
+            'entryPoints' => [$entrypoint],
+            'service' => $serviceKey,
+            'tls' => [
+                'certResolver' => $certResolver,
+            ],
+        ];
+
+        $config['http']['services'][$serviceKey] = [
+            'loadBalancer' => [
+                'servers' => [
+                    ['url' => "http://{$ip}:{$port}"],
+                ],
+            ],
+        ];
+
+        $this->writeConfig($config);
+        Log::info('Traefik: route added', ['domain' => $domain, 'ip' => $ip]);
+    }
+
+    public function removeCustomerRoute(string $domain): void
+    {
+        $domain = $this->sanitizeDomain($domain);
+        $config = $this->loadConfig();
+
+        $routerKey = $this->routerKey($domain);
+        $serviceKey = $this->serviceKey($domain);
+
+        unset($config['http']['routers'][$routerKey], $config['http']['services'][$serviceKey]);
+
+        $this->writeConfig($config);
+        Log::info('Traefik: route removed', ['domain' => $domain]);
+    }
+
+    public function rebuildAllRoutes(iterable $customers): void
+    {
+        $config = $this->loadConfig();
+        $config['http'] ??= [];
+        $config['http']['routers'] = $this->preserveNonManaged($config['http']['routers'] ?? [], 'routers');
+        $config['http']['services'] = $this->preserveNonManaged($config['http']['services'] ?? [], 'services');
+
+        foreach ($customers as $customer) {
+            if (empty($customer->domain) || empty($customer->ip_address)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $domain = $this->sanitizeDomain($customer->domain);
+            $ip = $this->sanitizeIp($customer->ip_address);
+            $routerKey = $this->routerKey($domain);
+            $serviceKey = $this->serviceKey($domain);
+            $port = (int) config('hosting.traefik.backend_port', 80);
+            $entrypoint = config('hosting.traefik.entrypoint', 'websecure');
+            $certResolver = config('hosting.traefik.cert_resolver', 'letsencrypt');
+
+            $config['http']['routers'][$routerKey] = [
+                'rule' => 'Host(`'.$this->escapeHostRule($domain).'`)',
+                'entryPoints' => [$entrypoint],
+                'service' => $serviceKey,
+                'tls' => ['certResolver' => $certResolver],
+            ];
+
+            $config['http']['services'][$serviceKey] = [
+                'loadBalancer' => [
+                    'servers' => [['url' => "http://{$ip}:{$port}"]],
+                ],
+            ];
+        }
+
+        $this->writeConfig($config);
+        Log::info('Traefik: all customer routes rebuilt');
+    }
+
+    public function reload(): void
+    {
+        $command = config('hosting.traefik.reload_command');
+
+        if (empty($command)) {
+            Log::info('Traefik: no reload command configured, skipping reload');
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $result = Process::timeout(30)->run($command);
+
+        if (! $result->successful()) {
+            throw new TraefikException(
+                'Traefik reload failed: '.$result->errorOutput(),
+                step: 'traefik_reload',
+            );
+        }
+
+        Log::info('Traefik: reload triggered');
+    }
+
+    private function loadConfig(): array
+    {
+        $path = $this->configPath();
+
+        if (! File::exists($path)) {
+            File::ensureDirectoryExists(dirname($path));
+
+            return ['http' => ['routers' => [], 'services' => []]];
+        }
+
+        $contents = File::get($path);
+
+        if (trim($contents) === '') {
+            return ['http' => ['routers' => [], 'services' => []]];
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $parsed = Yaml::parse($contents, Yaml::PARSE_EXCEPTION_ON_INVALID_TYPE);
+
+            return is_array($parsed) ? $parsed : ['http' => ['routers' => [], 'services' => []]];
+        } catch (ParseException $e) {
+            throw new TraefikException(
+                'Failed to parse Traefik config: '.$e->getMessage(),
+                step: 'traefik_parse',
+                previous: $e,
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function writeConfig(array $config): void
+    {
+        $path = $this->configPath();
+        File::ensureDirectoryExists(dirname($path));
+
+        $yaml = Yaml::dump($config, 6, 2, Yaml::DUMP_EMPTY_ARRAY_AS_SEQUENCE);
+
+        if (str_contains($yaml, "\0") || preg_match('/[\x00-\x08\x0B\x0C\x0E-\x1F]/', $yaml)) {
+            throw new TraefikException('Refusing to write invalid Traefik YAML.', step: 'traefik_write');
+        }
+
+        $tempPath = $path.'.'.uniqid('tmp', true);
+
+        if (File::put($tempPath, $yaml) === false) {
+            throw new TraefikException('Failed to write temporary Traefik config.', step: 'traefik_write');
+        }
+
+        if (! @rename($tempPath, $path)) {
+            File::delete($tempPath);
+            throw new TraefikException('Atomic rename of Traefik config failed.', step: 'traefik_write');
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function preserveNonManaged(array $items, string $type): array
+    {
+        return array_filter(
+            $items,
+            fn ($key) => ! str_starts_with((string) $key, self::MANAGED_PREFIX),
+            ARRAY_FILTER_USE_KEY,
+        );
+    }
+
+    private function routerKey(string $domain): string
+    {
+        return self::MANAGED_PREFIX.$this->slug($domain).'-router';
+    }
+
+    private function serviceKey(string $domain): string
+    {
+        return self::MANAGED_PREFIX.$this->slug($domain).'-service';
+    }
+
+    private function slug(string $domain): string
+    {
+        return Str::slug(str_replace('.', '-', $domain), '-');
+    }
+
+    private function sanitizeDomain(string $domain): string
+    {
+        $domain = strtolower(trim($domain));
+
+        if (! preg_match('/^(?:[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]{0,61}[a-z0-9])?\.)+[a-z]{2,}$/', $domain)) {
+            throw new TraefikException("Invalid domain: {$domain}", step: 'traefik_validation');
+        }
+
+        return $domain;
+    }
+
+    private function sanitizeIp(string $ip): string
+    {
+        if (! filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_IPV4)) {
+            throw new TraefikException("Invalid IP: {$ip}", step: 'traefik_validation');
+        }
+
+        return $ip;
+    }
+
+    private function escapeHostRule(string $domain): string
+    {
+        return str_replace(['`', '\\'], '', $domain);
+    }
+}